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In ancient
times the Greeks believed that all matter
beneath the moon was made of varying combinations
of the four elements: Earth, Water, Fire and
Air. Above the moon, matter was made up of
a substance they called aither or pempte ousia,
(5th essence). In Latin, this is Quinta Essentia. This fifth
essence or element was the fabled Philosopher's
Stone - believed to cure all illness, extend
life, and turn base metals into gold. How
to combine the four elements to make the Fifth
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